Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is an analytical technique used to determine the chemical composition of a sample by measuring the absorption or transmission of infrared light. The FTIR instrument is a sophisticated piece of equipment that uses an interferometer to measure the intensity of infrared radiation that passes through a sample.
The basic components of an FTIR instrument include a source of infrared radiation, an interferometer, a sample holder, a detector, and a computer. The source of infrared radiation is typically a high-intensity light source, such as a tungsten-halogen lamp or a mercury-cadmium-telluride detector. The interferometer is used to split the infrared radiation into two beams, which are recombined to produce an interference pattern. The sample holder is used to hold the sample and can be either a solid or liquid sample. The detector measures the intensity of the infrared radiation that passes through the sample and generates a signal that is sent to the computer. The computer uses the interference pattern to calculate the absorption or transmission of the sample at different wavelengths, which can be used to identify the chemical composition of the sample.
FTIR spectroscopy is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food and beverage, environmental, and chemical industries to identify and quantify chemical compounds in a sample. FTIR can be used to analyze a wide range of compounds, including organic and inorganic compounds, polymers, and biological molecules. It is also a useful tool in the forensic sciences, as it can be used to analyze trace evidence, such as fibers and drugs.
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